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Provisions related to forced marriage in Somalia are found in the 1964 Criminal Code which addresses violence, threat, deceit, abduction or detention for purposes of marriage an unmarried person at Article 401, with a potential penalty of imprisonment from one to three years. Provisions related to forced marriage in Somalia are also found in the 1975 Family Law, which addresses marriages contracted under compulsion or by an insane person at Article 7.
Provisions requiring consent to marriage in Somalia are found in the constitutional law 2012, section 28 of which states that no marriage shall be legal without the free consent of both the man and the woman, or if one or both of them have not reached the age of maturity. Section 7 of family law 1975 further recognises that the consent of a party or prospective party to a marriage is invalidated where the person was intoxicated or was subjected to coercion or is of unsound mind.
There appears to be no legislation in Somalia that prohibits servile matrimonial transactions.
Although legislation in Somalia does not prohibit marriage trafficking as such, it does prohibit abduction of detaining for marriage under article 401 (2) of the Criminal Code 1964, with a potential penalty of imprisonment from one to three years.
The minimum age for marriage in Somalia is 18, without differentiation by gender, as set out on Article 16(1) of the 1975 Family Law. However, marriages below the minimum age are permitted with the consent of the guardian, as set out on Article 16(2) of the 1975 Family Law. These exceptions are not differentiated by gender, and allow marriage as early as 16. However, the Court, in case of necessity, may allow marriages below the age of 16.
Africa
Not party to a court
Mixed
Paragraph 431
In the Somali Republic, there is no slaver or institution of practice similar to slavery. The Constitution and the Penal Code (Legislative Decree No. 5 of 16 December 1962) prohibit them.
The Constitution provides in Article 17:
“1. Every person shall have the right to personal liberty.
“2. Subjection to any form of slavery or servitude shall be punishable as a crime…”
Crimes relating to slavery:
[Note: the penal provisions listed in the report are reproduced below]
Article 10. Human dignity
Article 14. Slavery, servitude and forced labour
A person may not be subjected to slavery, servitude, trafficking, or forced labour for any purpose.
Article 15. Liberty and security of the person
Article 21. Freedom of movement and residence
Article 23. Freedom of trade, occupation and profession
Every citizen has the right to choose their trade, occupation or profession freely.
Article 24. Labour relations
Article 28. Family care
Article 29. Children
3. No child may perform work or provide services that are not suitable for the child’s age or create a risk to the child’s health or development in any way
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia 2012 (PDF)
Note: This Code is still applied in the Republic of Somaliland and in northern Somalia region of Puntland. It is still current in South and Central Somalia.
Article 407. Instigation, aiding and exploitation of prostitution
(1) Whoever instigates another to commit prostitution, or aids or in any manner facilitates prostitution, or exploits, wholly or in part, the proceeds of prostitu7tion, shall be liable to the punishment provided for in paragraph 1 of article 405 [imprisonment from two months to two years and with fine from Sh. So. 100 to 2,000].
(2) The punishment shall be increased where:
(a) the act is committed against a person who is incapable of giving consent;
(b) the offender is an ascendant, spouse, brother, sister, or guardian of the person;
(c) the act is committed against a person entrusted to the offender for care, education, instruction, supervision or custody.
Article 408. Compulsion to prostitution
(1) Whoever, by violence or threats, compels another to commit prostitution shall be punished with imprisonment from two to six years and with fine from Sh. So. 5,000 to 15,000.
(2) Where any of the conditions referred to in paragraph 2 of the preceding article exists, the punishment shall be increased.
Article 455. Reduction to Slavery
Whoever reduces a person to slavery or to a similar condition, shall be punished with imprisonment from five to twenty years.
Article 456. Dealing and Trading in Slaves
Whoever deals or in any manner trades in slaves or persons in a condition similar to slavery, shall be punished with imprisonment from five to twenty years.
Article 457. Sale and Purchase of Slaves
Whoever, other than in the cases referred to in the preceding articles, disposes of or transfers a person who is in a state f slavery or a similar condition, or takes possession of or purchases or holds such person in such state, shall be punished with imprisonment from five to fifteen years.
Article 458. Enforced subjection
Whoever compels another to submit to his own power, so as to reduce him to a total state of subjection, shall be punished with imprisonment from five to fifteen years.
Article 464. Compulsory Labour
Apart from the cases of military or civil emergency, or the cases in which compulsory labour is expressly provided for by law [2 Labour Code], whoever forces another to compulsory labour, shall be punished, where the act does not constitute a more serious offence, with imprisonment [96 P.c.] from six months to five years an fine [97 P.c.] from Sh. So. 5,000 to 20,000.
Article 13-
It shall be unlawful for any person natural or legal, to commit any of the following acts:
Article 14 – Acts of child trafficking
The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered trafficking in persons even if this does not involve any of the means set forth in article 13 of this law.
Whoever commits the offence of child trafficking shall be liable to the punishment of an imprisonment from ten (10) to twenty (20) years (art. 96 p.c.) and a fine from $7,000 to $9,000 (art. 97 p.c.)
Part IX Crimes against morals and decency
Chapter I Crimes of Sexual Violence
Art 401 Abduction for purpose of lust or marriage
1) Whoever, with violence, threat or deceit, abducts or detains a person for purpose of carnal violence or lust shall be punished with imprisonment form two to five years.
2) Whoever, with violence, threat or deceit, abducts or detains for purpose of marriage an unmarried person, shall be punished with imprisonment from one to three years.
3) Whoever abducts or detain a person who is incapable of giving consent, for purpose of carnal violence, or lust, or marriage, shall be subject to the punishment prescribed respectively in the two preceding articles.
Part XI Crimes against the family
Chapter I Crimes against family decency and morals
Art 425 Illegal marriage
Whoever contracts a marriage when, owning to his personal status, such marriage is not allowed, shall be punished with imprisonment from six months to three years.
Article 28: Family Care
Somalia Constitution 2012 – Constitute Project – English (PDF)